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Ключовими модифікаторами м’язового метаболізму у коней є сезонні зміни навколишнього середовища, статеві відмінності та фізичне навантаження. Показники, такі як лактатдегідрогеназа (ЛДГ), лактат і піруват, надають цінну інформацію про фізіологічну адаптацію та метаболічний стрес під час фізичних тренувань. Метою даного дослідження було оцінити вплив сезонності, статі та фізичного навантаження на активність ЛДГ і концентрацію лактату та пірувату у шетландських поні. Зразки крові було відібрано у 21 клінічно здорових поні (11 кобил і 10 жеребців) до і після стандартизованих тренувань, проведених навесні, влітку, восени та взимку. Активність ЛДГ визначалася у сироватці, тоді як лактат і піруват — у цільній крові. Для оцінки внутрішньо- та міжгрупових відмінностей застосовували парні t-тести, ANOVA та Tukey HSD тести. Кореляційний аналіз Пірсона та аналіз розміру ефекту використовувалися для визначення сезонних і фізіологічних взаємозв’язків. Фізичне навантаження призводило до істотного підвищення рівнів лактату і активності ЛДГ, особливо навесні та восени. Піруват демонстрував помірне, але стабільне зростання після тренування. Виявлено виражений сезонний вплив: взимку жеребці мали найвищу активність ЛДГ, а влітку у кобил спостерігалося підвищення рівня лактату, що може свідчити про тепловий стрес. Статеві відмінності були помірними, але значущими: у жеребців спостерігались вища середня активність ЛДГ і вміст пірувату. ЛДГ, лактат і піруват – чутливі біомаркери м’язової активності та сезонної адаптації. Їх зміна протягом року та між статями відображає фізіологічну реакцію на навантаження та може бути корисною для формування тренувальних стратегій, ветеринарної діагностики й племінної роботи у конярстві.

 

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