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Дата надходження до редакції: 24.02.2026 р.

Дата прийняття до друку після рецензування: 10.03.2026 р.

Дата публікації: 30.03.2026 р.

 

В роботі проаналізовані результати досліджень, що присвячені порівняльним оцінкам, удосконаленням відомих та розробці нових методичних рішень з питань соціалізації собак, як домашніх улюбленців, так і робочих, собак-поводарів або призначених для пошуку наркотиків, вибухівки, зброї, розшуку під завалами зруйнованих домів живих і загиблих людей, виявленню та затриманню порушників, тощо. Також висвітлені розбіжності дискусійного характеру між науковцями стосовно онтогенезу собак. Йдеться про стадійність його постнатального періоду, зокрема про кількість стадій, їх назву та тривалість. Наведені аргументи сторін щодо віку цуценят, у якому доцільно починати процес їх соціалізації, наприклад, на останніх стадіях натального, на перших стадіях постнатального періодів розвитку, після відлучення від матері та інші варіанти.

Проаналізовані причини виникнення різноманітних фобій у цуценят та дорослих собак, у тому числі поведінкових ознак боязкості та страху, а також рівень їх впливу на формування надмірної агресивності. Приділено увагу імпринтингу, розвитку його тактильної і зорової форм, а також ролі у формуванні поведінки цуценят, розвитку їх взаємовідносин з дресирувальником. Показана роль матері у вихованні цуценят, у тому числі у формуванні: 1) взаємовідносин між братами і сестрами виводку; з іншими знайомими і незнайомими собаками; з незнайомими людьми; з свійськими і дикими тваринами; 2) ставлення до різноманітних подразників оточуючого середовища, у тому числі до шумових (феєрверки, петарди, постріли, грім, крик). Наведені та проаналізовані статистичні дані щодо чисельності собак у деяких країнах світу, причини їх потрапляння до притулків та передчасної смерті. Як приклад для застосування в Україні, коротко висвітлені причини позитивного ставлення переважної більшості британців до собак; принципи організації та система управлінні собаківництвом в Великобританії.

 

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