Photoperiod-dependent alterations in oxidatively modified proteins in the plasma of shetland pony mares and stallions involved in recreational horseback riding

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DOI: 10.32900/2312-8402-2023-129-4-15

Kurhaluk Natalia,
Doctor of Biological Sci.,
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4669-1092,
Tkachenko Halyna,
Doctor of Biological Sci.,
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3951-9005,
Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Poland,
Tkachova Iryna,
Doctor of Agrarian Sciences, Senior Researcher,
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4235-7257,
Institute of Animal Science NAAS of Ukraine,
Lukash Oleksandr,
Doctor of Biological Sci.,
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2702-6430,
T. G. Shevchenko National University “Chernihiv Collegium”, Chernihiv, Ukraine

Keywords: oxidatively modified proteins, plasma, exercise, seasonal alterations, photoperiods, Shetland ponies, mares and stallions

Abstract

This study focuses on the photoperiod-induced variability in the levels of oxidatively modified proteins in the plasma of Shetland pony mares and stallions before and after exercise. We have analyzed the effect of photoperiods and exercise on the levels of aldehydic (AD) and ketonic (KD) derivatives of oxidatively modified proteins (OMP) in the blood of Shetland pony mares and stallions involved in recreational horseback riding in the central Pomeranian region (Pomeranian Voivodeship, northern part of Poland). Twenty-one healthy adult Shetland ponies (11 mares and 10 stallions) aged 6.5 ± 1.4 years old were used in this study. All horses participated in recreational horseback riding. Training started at 10:00 AM, lasted 1 hour, and consisted of a ride of cross country by walking (5 min), trotting (15 min), walking (10 min), trotting (10 min), walking (5 min), galloping (5 min), and walking (10 min). Blood was drawn from the jugular veins of the animals in the morning, 90 minutes after feeding, while the horses were in the stables (between 8:30 and 10 AM), and immediately after the exercise test (between 11 AM and 12 AM). Blood samples were taken once per season for one year: summer and winter. The level of oxidatively modified proteins (OMP) was evaluated by the content of protein carbonyl derivatives in the reaction with 2,4-dinitro-phenylhydrazine (DNFH). There was a statistically significant reduction in the levels of aldehydic derivatives of OMP in the plasma of ponies during the winter photoperiods only after exercise in both sexes. A decrease in the levels of ketonic derivatives of OMP in the summer photoperiod was observed. These changes were observed independently of the sex and only after exercise. Levels of aldehydic and ketonic derivatives of OMP varied depending on the photoperiod and exercise session in our studies. These changes were dependent on the baseline levels of the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense systems in the ponies, which differed between the mares and the stallions (statistically significant differences in the winter period) both before and after exercise (winter).

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