DOI: 10.32900/2312-8402-2025-133-69-81

Iryna MASLIY,
candidate of Veterinary Sciences,
senior researcher,
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8671-3356,
Livestock farming institute of NAAS, Kharkiv, Ukraine

Keywords: bees, pathogens of bacterial diseases, probiotics, hemolymph, humoral and cellular immune factors