The retraction (withdrawal, cancellation) procedure is carried out in compliance with the principles of objectivity, impartiality, and confidentiality. It is applied to correct the scientific record and inform the scientific community of significant violations of academic integrity or errors that make further use of the research results impossible. The editorial board is guided by the recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

The decision to retract an article, including at the author’s initiative, is made by the editorial board in the event of discovering violations of publication ethics and/or other significant deficiencies, such as: errors, plagiarism, or improper borrowing of text, ideas, data, or research results; lack of proper references to primary data sources; duplicate publication of the same article in another edition without proper justification; inclusion of authors who did not make a significant scientific contribution or exclusion of authors who did; discovery of an unethical peer-review process; or the presence of a conflict of interest that could have influenced or did influence the research results.

After retraction, the article is stored in the scientific publication’s archive with a clear label “ВІДКЛИКАНО / RETRACTED.” An official retraction notice stating the reasons is published; information is transmitted to the relevant scientometric databases and repositories; and the article’s DOI is preserved with a corresponding note.