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Preservation of animal genetic resources is a key component of food security and economic stability. Genetic diversity provides the foundation for breeding work, allows the production systems to adapt to climate change, and reduces risks associated with epidemics and productivity decline. To assess economic efficiency, it is necessary to conduct specific economic calculations for regions or breeds, taking into account costs, risks, time, market conditions, and climatic factors. The study was carried out at the experimental base of the State Poultry Research Station of the Institute of Animal Science of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine using genetic resources of chickens of different productivity types (egg – Birky Colored; dual-purpose – Poltava Clay; meat-and-egg – Hercules (Plymouth Rock) White) from the collection of the national poultry gene pool of Ukrainian selection. The article presents the results of scientific research aimed at a systematic analysis of economic efficiency and the identification of ways to improve it in maintaining poultry gene pool populations of various productivity directions. The research established the level of economic efficiency of maintaining gene pool flocks of chickens of different productivity directions and identified the main ways to improve their profitability. The obtained indicators serve as an analytical basis for further calculations aimed at improving technologies for the maintenance and conservation of breeding stock. The profitability level of hatching egg production for 42 weeks of life ranged from -14.08 to 19.75 % (egg-type chickens), -14.28 to 3.5 % (dual-purpose), and -32.56 to 2.6 % (meat-and-egg). For the production and sale of day-old chicks, the profitability indicators were -7.03 to 29.57 % (egg-type), -13.50 to 4.4 % (dual-purpose), and -36.35 to -3.15 % (meat-and-egg). Extending the keeping period of birds from 42 to 52 weeks led to an increase in total egg production and profitability indicators. The profitability level of hatching egg production for 52 weeks of life was 30.10 % (egg-type), 36.83 % (dual-purpose), and 4.66 % (meat-and-egg). For day-old chick production and sales, the profitability levels were 40.77 %, 48.89 %, and -1.23 %, respectively.

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