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UDC 636.034:637.045:575.827

Received: April 1, 2026

Revised: April 6, 2026

Published: May 29, 2026

This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license

 

Increasing the nutritional value of dairy raw materials is one of the priority tasks of modern dairy cattle breeding. Therefore, today the assessment of factors forming the qualitative characteristics of milk is of particular relevance. The article presents the results of research on the determination of physicochemical indicators of cow milk quality depending on the kappa-casein genotype and the method of housing with its subsequent assessment by the qualimetric method. It was established that out of 76 experimental animals, the number of individuals with the kappa-casein genotypes AA, AB and BB was 48, 24 and 4 heads, respectively. In the tethered housing method, cows of the BB genotype (754.3 kg) had higher milk yields, animals with the AA (600.8 kg) and AB (587.9 kg) had lower yields. However, the milk of cows with the BB genotype contained more mass fractions of protein by 0.83 and 1.02 %, fat by 0.43 and 0.89 %, lactose by 1.14 and 1.19 %, dry matter by 3.44 and 3.48 %, and dry non-fat milk residue by 2.36 and 2.49 % compared to individuals with the AA and AB genotypes. In the case of free-range housing, on the contrary, 3.4 % more milk was obtained from cows with the AA genotype than from cows with the AB genotype, while the difference between them and cows with the BB genotype was noticeably greater by 18.5 %. In cows with the BB genotype, milk productivity was lower not only compared to animals with the AA genotype, but also compared to individuals with the AB genotype by 12.8 %. With this method of housing, the milk of cows with the BB genotype contained more protein by 0.58 and 0.38 %, fat by 0.19 and 0.03 %, lactose by 0.03 and 0.02 %, and dry matter by 0.24 and 0.05 %, respectively, compared to individuals with the AA and AB genotypes. According to the calculation of the qualimetric indicator of quality and safety, it was found that higher quality and more nutritious milk was obtained from cows with the kappa-casein genotypes AB and BB under the tethered method of keeping by 44.0 and 53.1% and by 2.7 and 0.6 % – under the untethered method, compared to animals with the AA genotype.

 

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